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Comparison of two protocols of periosteal distraction osteogenesis in a rabbit calvaria model
Author(s) -
Saulacic Nikola,
Nakahara Ken,
Iizuka Tateyuki,
HagaTsujimura Maiko,
Hofstetter Willy,
Scolozzi Paolo
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.33461
Subject(s) - distraction osteogenesis , calvaria , distraction , periosteum , bone formation , bone healing , bone mineral , medicine , anatomy , chemistry , biology , osteoporosis , neuroscience , biochemistry , in vitro
The regenerative pathways during periosteal distraction osteogenesis may be influenced by the local environment composed by cells, growth factors, nutrition and mechanical load. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of two protocols of periosteal distraction on bone formation. Custom made distraction devices were surgically fixed onto the calvariae of 60 rabbits. After an initial healing period of 7 days, two groups of animals were submitted to distraction rates of 0.25 and 0.5 mm/24 h for 10 days, respectively. Six animals per group were sacrificed 10 (mid‐distraction), 17 (end‐distraction), 24 (1‐week consolidation), 31 (2‐week consolidation) and 77 days (2‐month consolidation) after surgery. Newly formed bone was assessed by means of micro‐CT and histologically. Expression of transcripts encoding tissue‐specific genes (BMP‐2, RUNX2, ACP5, SPARC, collagen I α1, collagen II α1 and SOX9) was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Two patterns of bone formation were observed, originating from the old bone surface in Group I and from the periosteum in Group II. Bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) significantly increased up to the 2‐month consolidation period within the groups ( p < 0.05). Significantly more bone was observed in Group II compared to Group I at the 2‐month consolidation period ( p < 0.001). Expression of transcripts encoding osteogenic genes in bone depended on the time‐point of observation ( p < 0.05). Low level of transcripts reveals an indirect role of periosteum in the osteogenic process. Two protocols of periosteal distraction in the present model resulted in moderate differences in terms of bone formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1121–1131, 2016.