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Keratin hydrogel carrier system for simultaneous delivery of exogenous growth factors and muscle progenitor cells
Author(s) -
Tomblyn Seth,
Pettit Kneller Elizabeth L.,
Walker Stephen J.,
Ellenburg Mary D.,
Kowalczewski Christine J.,
Van Dyke Mark,
Burnett Luke,
Saul Justin M.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.33438
Subject(s) - keratin , self healing hydrogels , chemistry , progenitor cell , biophysics , cysteine , tissue engineering , skeletal muscle , matrigel , microbiology and biotechnology , biomedical engineering , biochemistry , stem cell , cell , anatomy , pathology , polymer chemistry , biology , medicine , enzyme
Abstract Ideal material characteristics for tissue engineering or regenerative medicine approaches to volumetric muscle loss (VML) include the ability to deliver cells, growth factors, and molecules that support tissue formation from a system with a tunable degradation profile. Two different types of human hair‐derived keratins were tested as options to fulfill these VML design requirements: (1) oxidatively extracted keratin (keratose) characterized by a lack of covalent crosslinking between cysteine residues, and (2) reductively extracted keratin (kerateine) characterized by disulfide crosslinks. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts cultured on coatings of both types of keratin had increased numbers of multinucleated cells compared to collagen or Matrigel TM and adhesion levels greater than collagen. Rheology showed elastic moduli from 10 2 to 10 5 Pa and viscous moduli from 10 1 to 10 4 Pa depending on gel concentration and keratin type. Kerateine and keratose showed differing rates of degradation due to the presence or absence of disulfide crosslinks, which likely contributed to observed differences in release profiles of several growth factors. In vivo testing in a subcutaneous mouse model showed that keratose hydrogels can be used to deliver mouse muscle progenitor cells and growth factors. Histological assessment showed minimal inflammatory responses and an increase in markers of muscle formation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 864–879, 2016.