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α ‐Tricalcium phosphate cements modified with β ‐dicalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate: Physicochemical characterization, in vitro bioactivity and cytotoxicity
Author(s) -
Correa Daniel,
Almirall Amisel,
Carrodeguas Raúl García,
dos Santos Luis Alberto,
De Aza Antonio H.,
Parra Juan,
Morejón Lizette,
Delgado José Angel
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.33176
Subject(s) - materials science , cement , biocompatibility , aluminate , calcium silicate , simulated body fluid , compressive strength , portland cement , biomaterial , calcium , bone cement , chemical engineering , composite material , scanning electron microscope , nanotechnology , metallurgy , engineering
Biocompatibility, injectability and in situ self‐setting are characteristics of calcium phosphate cements which make them promising materials for a wide range of clinical applications in traumatology and maxillo‐facial surgery. One of the main disadvantages is their relatively low strength which restricts their use to nonload‐bearing applications. α‐Tricalcium phosphate (α‐C 3 P) cement sets into calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), which is biocompatible and plays an essential role in the formation, growth and maintenance of tissue‐biomaterial interface. β‐Dicalcium silicate (β‐C 2 S) and tricalcium aluminate (C 3 A) are Portland cement components, these compounds react with water to form hydrated phases that enhance mechanical strength of the end products. In this study, setting time, compressive strength (CS) and in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility were evaluated to determine the influence of addition of β‐C 2 S and C 3 A to α‐C 3 P‐based cement. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate phase composition and morphological changes in cement samples. Addition of C 3 A resulted in cements having suitable setting times, but low CS, only partial conversion into CDHA and cytotoxicity. However, addition of β‐C 2 S delayed the setting times but promoted total conversion into CDHA by soaking in simulated body fluid and strengthened the set cement over the limit strength of cancellous bone. The best properties were obtained for cement added with 10 wt % of β‐C 2 S, which showed in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility, making it a suitable candidate as bone substitute. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 72–83, 2015.