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The application of a crosslinked pectin‐based wafer matrix for gradual buccal drug delivery
Author(s) -
Shaikh Rubina P.,
Pillay Viness,
Choonara Yahya E.,
Toit Lisa C. Du,
Ndesendo Valence M. K.,
Kumar Pradeep,
Khan Riaz A.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.32668
Subject(s) - materials science , wafer , chemical engineering , composite material , nanotechnology , engineering
The purpose of this study was to develop crosslinked wafer matrices and establish the influence of the crosslinker type and processing sequence on achieving gradual buccal drug delivery. Three sets of drug‐loaded crosslinked pectin wafers were produced employing the model water‐soluble antihistamine, diphenhydramine and were compared with noncrosslinked wafers. The formulations were crosslinked with CaCl 2 , BaCl 2 , or ZnSO 4 pre‐ or postlyophilization (sets 1 and 2) as well as pre‐ and postlyophilization (set 3), respectively. The surface morphology, porositometry, molecular vibrational transitions, textural attributes, thermal and in vitro drug release were characterized and supported by in silico molecular mechanics simulations. Results revealed that crosslinked wafers produced smaller pore sizes (107.63 Å) compared with noncrosslinked matrices (180.53 Å) due to molecular crosslinks formed between pectin chains. Drug release performance was dependent on the wafer crosslinking production sequence. Noncrosslinked wafers displayed burst‐release with 82% drug released at t 30min compared with first‐order kinetic profiles obtained for prelyophilized crosslinked matrices (50% released at t 30min followed by steady release). Wafers crosslinked postlyophilization displayed superior control of drug release (40% at t 30min ). Molecular mechanics simulations corroborated with the experimental data and established that Ba ++ , having the largest atomic radii (1.35 Å) formed a number of ionic bridges producing wafers of higher porosity (0.048 cm 2 /g) and had more influence on drug release. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.