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Tetracalcium phosphate composite containing quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate with antibacterial properties
Author(s) -
Cheng Lei,
Weir Michael D.,
Limkangwalmongkol Penwadee,
Hack Gary D.,
Xu Hockin H. K.,
Chen Qianming,
Zhou Xuedong
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.32505
Subject(s) - composite number , streptococcus mutans , ammonium , methacrylate , antibacterial activity , chemistry , biofilm , nuclear chemistry , phosphate , amorphous calcium phosphate , materials science , bacteria , composite material , organic chemistry , monomer , polymer , genetics , biology
Tooth caries is a carbohydrate‐modified bacterial infectious disease, and recurrent caries is a frequent reason for restoration failure. The objective of this study was to develop a novel antibacterial composite using tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) fillers and bis(2‐methacryloyloxy‐ethyl) dimethyl‐ammonium bromide, which is a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM). QADM was synthesized using 2‐( N,N ‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and 2‐bromoethyl methacrylate and incorporated into a resin. The resin was filled with 40% TTCP and 30% glass particles. The following QADM mass fractions in the composite were tested: 0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%. Streptococcus mutans biofilms were formed on the composites and the colony‐forming units (CFUs), metabolic activity, and lactic acid production were measured. The TTCP‐QADM composite had flexural strength and elastic modulus similar to those of two commercial composites ( p > 0.1). Increasing the QADM content in TTCP composite greatly decreased the bacteria growth and biofilm matrix production. There were significantly more dead bacteria with increasing QADM content. TTCP composite containing 18% QADM had biofilm CFU, metabolic activity, and acid production about half of those without QADM. Inversely linear relationships were established between QADM mass fraction and S. mutans biofilm CFU, metabolic activity, and acid production, with correlation coefficients R 2 ≥ 0.98. In conclusion, TTCP‐QADM composites were developed and the effect of QADM mass fraction on the antibacterial properties of the composite was determined for the first time. The novel TTCP‐QADM composites possessing a strong antibacterial capability, together with calcium phosphate ion release and good mechanical properties, are promising for dental restorations to reduce biofilm growth and recurrent caries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.