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Viscoelastic properties of injectable bone cements for orthopaedic applications: State‐of‐the‐art review
Author(s) -
Lewis Gladius
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.31835
Subject(s) - bone cement , viscoelasticity , materials science , cement , creep , composite material , load bearing , cancellous bone , biomedical engineering , surgery , medicine
Injectable bone cements (IBCs) are used for a variety of orthopaedic applications, examples being poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cements used for anchoring total joint replacements (TJRs) (high load‐bearing application), PMMA bone cements used in the vertebral body augmentation procedures of vertebroplasty (VP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) (medium load‐bearing application), and calcium phosphate‐based and calcium sulfate‐based cements used as bone void fillers/bone graft substitutes (low load‐bearing application). For each of these applications, the viscoelastic properties of the cement are very important. For example, (1) creep of the cement has an influence on the longevity of a cemented TJR (for example, creep allows the cement to remodel, thereby maximizing the contact area of the cement‐bone interface and, hence, minimizing stress concentration at that interface); and (2) in VP and BKP, the likelihood of cement extravasation is directly related to the profile of the viscosity‐versus‐time elapsed from commencement of mixing of the cement. There are a few reviews of the literature on a number of viscoelastic properties of some IBCs but a comprehensive review of the literature on all viscoelastic properties of all IBCs is lacking. The objective of this contribution is to present such a review. In addition, a number of ideas for future study in the field of viscoelastic properties of IBCs are described. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.