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Bacterial cellulose as a potential vascular graft: Mechanical characterization and constitutive model development
Author(s) -
Zahedmanesh H.,
Mackle J. N.,
Sellborn A.,
Drotz K.,
Bodin A.,
Gatenholm P.,
Lally C.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.31791
Subject(s) - materials science , bacterial cellulose , biocompatibility , biomedical engineering , tissue engineering , intimal hyperplasia , ultimate tensile strength , crystallinity , composite material , cellulose , smooth muscle , metallurgy , medicine , chemical engineering , engineering
Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide produced by Acetobacter Xylinum bacteria with interesting properties for arterial grafting and vascular tissue engineering including high‐burst pressure, high‐water content, high crystallinity, and an ultrafine highly pure fibrous structure similar to that of collagen. Given that compliance mismatch is one of the main factors contributing to the development of intimal hyperplasia in vascular replacement conduits, an in depth investigation of support mechanical properties of BC is required to further supporting its use in cardiovascular‐grafting applications. The aim of this study was to mechanically characterize BC and also study its potential to accommodate vascular cells. To achieve these aims, inflation tests and uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on BC samples. In addition, dynamic compliance tests were conducted on BC tubes, and the results were compared to that of arteries, saphenous vein, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and Dacron grafts. BC tubes exhibited a compliance response similar to human saphenous vein with a mean compliance value of 4.27 × 10 −2 % per millimeter of mercury over the pressure range of 30–120 mmHg. In addition, bovine smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were cultured on BC samples, and histology and fluorescent imaging analysis were carried out showing good adherence and biocompatibility. Finally, a method to predict the mechanical behavior of BC grafts in situ was established, whereby a constitutive model for BC was determined and used to model the BC tubes under inflation using finite element analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.