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Bone repair by cell‐seeded 3D‐bioplotted composite scaffolds made of collagen treated tricalciumphosphate or tricalciumphosphate‐chitosan‐collagen hydrogel or PLGA in ovine critical‐sized calvarial defects
Author(s) -
Haberstroh Kathrin,
Ritter Kathrin,
Kuschnierz Jens,
Bormann KaiHendrik,
Kaps Christian,
Carvalho Carlos,
Mülhaupt Rolf,
Sittinger Michael,
Gellrich NilsClaudius
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.31611
Subject(s) - plga , scaffold , chitosan , biomedical engineering , materials science , bone healing , cell , chemistry , surgery , nanotechnology , medicine , nanoparticle , biochemistry
The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of three different cell‐seeded 3D‐bioplotted scaffolds in a ovine calvarial critical‐size defect model. The choice of scaffold‐materials was based on their applicability for 3D‐bioplotting and respective possibility to produce tailor‐made scaffolds for the use in cranio‐facial surgery for the replacement of complex shaped boneparts. Scaffold raw‐materials are known to be osteoinductive when being cell‐seeded [poly( L ‐lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA)] or having components with osteoinductive properties as tricalciumphosphate (TCP) or collagen (Col) or chitosan. The scaffold‐materials PLGA, TCP/Col, and HYDR (TCP/Col/chitosan) were cell‐seeded with osteoblast‐like cells whether gained from bone (OLB) or from periost (OLP). In a prospective and randomized design nine sheep underwent osteotomy to create four critical‐sized calvarial defects. Three animals each were assigned to the HYDR‐, the TCP/Col‐, or the PLGA‐group. In each animal, one defect was treated with a cell‐free, an OLB‐ or OLP‐seeded group‐specific scaffold, respectively. The fourth defect remained untreated as control (UD). Fourteen weeks later, animals were euthanized for histo‐morphometrical analysis of the defect healing. OLB‐ and OLP‐seeded HYDR and OLB‐seeded TCP/Col scaffolds significantly increased the amount of newly formed bone (NFB) at the defect bottom and OLP‐seeded HYDR also within the scaffold area, whereas PLGA‐scaffolds showed lower rates. The relative density of NFB was markedly higher in the HYDR/OLB group compared to the corresponding PLGA group. TCP/Col had good stiffness to prepare complex structures by bioplotting but HYDR and PLGA were very soft. HYDR showed appropriate biodegradation, TCP/Col and PLGA seemed to be nearly undegraded after 14 weeks. 3D‐bioplotted, cell‐seeded HYDR and TCP/Col scaffolds increased the amount of NFB within ovine critical‐size calvarial defects, but stiffness, respectively, biodegradation of materials is not appropriate for the application in cranio‐facial surgery and have to be improved further by modifications of the manufacturing process or their material composition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010