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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ultrananocrystalline diamond for coating of implantable retinal microchips
Author(s) -
Xiao Xingcheng,
Wang Jian,
Liu Chao,
Carlisle John A.,
Mech Brian,
Greenberg Robert,
Guven Dilek,
Freda Ricardo,
Humayun Mark S.,
Weiland James,
Auciello Orlando
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part b: applied biomaterials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.665
H-Index - 108
eISSN - 1552-4981
pISSN - 1552-4973
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.b.30448
Subject(s) - diamond , retinal , coating , in vivo , in vitro , materials science , retinal implant , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , biomedical engineering , medicine , chemistry , biology , ophthalmology , microbiology and biotechnology , composite material , biochemistry
In this work, ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films were evaluated for use as hermetic and bioinert coatings for a retinal microchip. These films were deposited on highly conductive Si substrates at different temperatures (from 400 to 800°C), using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition with argon‐rich Ar/CH 4 gas mixtures and different relative amounts of hydrogen (0–20%). Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that all the films are dense and continuous. Results of cyclic voltammetry test revealed that when there was <2% of hydrogen in the plasma, the film obtained renders the surface electrochemically inactive, with very low leakage currents (∼4 × 10 −7 A/cm 2 at ±5 V). In addition, in vivo tests of the UNCD‐coated Si samples were performed by implanting them in the eyes of rabbits for 4–6 months within the eye physiological environment. According to all these results, it was concluded that UNCD is a promising candidate for use as the encapsulating coatings for implantable retinal microelectronic devices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006