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Cytotoxicity and bioactivity assessments for Cu 2+ and La 3+ doped high‐silica sol‐gel derived bioglasses: The complex interplay between additive ions revealed
Author(s) -
BenArfa Basam A. E.,
Palamá Ilaria E.,
Miranda Salvado Isabel M.,
Ferreira José M. F.,
Pullar Robert C.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.36772
Subject(s) - biocompatibility , materials science , doping , particle size , crystallization , sol gel , ion , cytotoxicity , bioactive glass , chemical engineering , dissolution , nuclear chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , mineralogy , nanotechnology , composite material , chromatography , metallurgy , organic chemistry , chemistry , biochemistry , optoelectronics , engineering , in vitro
We show the influence of two functional ions (Cu 2+ and La 3+ ), incorporated into a quaternary (Si, Ca, Na, P) sol‐gel derived bioactive glass system, on its particle size, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity. By doping the parent glass with the two ions in singular or combined forms, 15 doped glasses were prepared by a rapid sol‐gel technique. The influence of the combined doping on the particle size and cell viability was successfully evaluated by the aid of signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (S/N), using Taguchi analysis. This allowed us to analyze the complex interplay of effects between these ions, and the marked differences in biocompatibility between the three cell types studied. Cu addition had a significant effect on reducing the glass particle size, while both increased density. Cell viability was significantly improved for some doping combinations, demonstrating that while combined Cu–La doping was beneficial for biocompatibility with lymphoblasts, individual high‐Cu or low‐La doping was better with fibroblasts, and either high‐Cu or low‐La doping, or certain combined Cu–La combinations, were the optimum for osteoblasts. However, the bioactivity of doped samples was generally similar to that of the parent glass, although both La, and particularly Cu, did appear to aid dissolution of ions when immersed in SBF, act as glass modifiers, and encourage HAp crystallization. The results reveal that potential synergistic benefits can be obtained by combining the effects on the mean particle size, density, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity of the glasses. The greatly improved biocompatibility of some of the doped glasses makes them promising candidates for biomedical applications.