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Surface modification of bulk titanium substrates for biomedical applications via low‐temperature microwave hydrothermal oxidation
Author(s) -
Cheng Alice,
Goodwin W. Brandon,
deGlee Ben M.,
Gittens Rolando A.,
Ver Jonathan P.,
Hyzy Sharon L.,
Schwartz Zvi,
Sandhage Kenneth H.,
Boyan Barbara D.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.36280
Subject(s) - materials science , wetting , nanotopography , microscale chemistry , titanium , nanoscopic scale , surface modification , surface roughness , contact angle , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , surface finish , aqueous solution , composite material , metallurgy , organic chemistry , chemistry , mathematics education , mathematics , engineering
Micro‐to‐nanoscale surface topographies of orthopaedic and dental implants can affect fluid wetting and biological response. Nanoscale features can be superimposed on microscale roughness of titanium (Ti) surfaces at high temperatures, resulting in increased osteoblast differentiation. However, high temperatures can compromise mechanical properties of the bulk material. Here, we have developed a novel low‐temperature microwave hydrothermal (MWHT) oxidation process for nanomodification of microrough (SLA) Ti surfaces. Nanoscale protuberances (20 –100 nm average diameter) were generated on SLA surfaces via MWHT treatment at 200°C in H 2 O, or in aqueous solutions of H 2 O 2 or NH 4 OH, for times ranging from 1 to 40 h. The size, shape, and crystalline content of the nanoprotuberances varied with the solution used and treatment time. The hydrophilicity of all MWHT‐modified surfaces was dramatically enhanced. MG63 and normal human osteoblasts (NHOsts) were cultured on MWHT‐treated SLA surfaces. While most responses to MWHT‐modified surfaces were comparable to those seen on SLA controls, the MWHT‐generated nanotopography reduced osteocalcin production by NHOst cells, suggesting that specific nanotopographic characteristics differentially mediate osteoblast phenotypic expression. MWHT processing provides a scalable, low‐temperature route for tailoring nanoscale topographies on microroughened titanium implant surfaces with significantly enhanced wetting by water, without degrading the microscale surface structure of such implants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 782–796, 2018.