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Magnesium alloys: A stony pathway from intensive research to clinical reality. Different test methods and approval‐related considerations
Author(s) -
Willbold Elmar,
Weizbauer Andreas,
Loos Anneke,
Seitz JanMarten,
Angrisani Nina,
Windhagen Henning,
Reifenrath Janin
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.35893
Subject(s) - context (archaeology) , materials science , authorization , implant , test (biology) , medical physics , biomedical engineering , computer science , medicine , surgery , paleontology , computer security , biology
The first degradable implant made of a magnesium alloy, a compression screw, was launched to the clinical market in March 2013. Many different complex considerations are required for the marketing authorization of degradable implant materials. This review gives an overview of existing and proposed standards for implant testing for marketing approval. Furthermore, different common in vitro and in vivo testing methods are discussed. In some cases, animal tests are inevitable to investigate the biological safety of a novel medical material. The choice of an appropriate animal model is as important as subsequent histological examination. Furthermore, this review focuses on the results of various mechanical tests to investigate the stability of implants for temporary use. All the above aspects are examined in the context of development and testing of magnesium‐based biomaterials and their progress them from bench to bedside. A brief history of the first market launch of a magnesium‐based degradable implant is given. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 329–347, 2017.