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Plant virus incorporated hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering possess low immunogenicity in vivo
Author(s) -
Luckanagul Jittima Amie,
Lee L. Andrew,
You Shaojin,
Yang Xiaoming,
Wang Qian
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.35227
Subject(s) - self healing hydrogels , tobacco mosaic virus , biocompatibility , immunogenicity , materials science , in vivo , tissue engineering , regenerative medicine , nanotechnology , bioadhesive , biophysics , biomedical engineering , drug delivery , immune system , virus , cell , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , virology , polymer chemistry , immunology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , metallurgy
Abstract Viruses are no longer recognized purely for being ubiquitous pathogens, but have served as building blocks for material chemistry and nanotechnology. Thousands of coat protein subunits of a viral particle can be modified chemically and/or genetically. We have previously shown that the three‐dimensional porous hydrogels can easily be functionalized by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a rod‐like plant virus, using its mutant, RGD‐TMV. RGD‐TMV hosted bioadhesive peptide (RGD) in the hydrogel, which was shown to enhance cell attachment and promote osteogenic differentiation of cultured stem cell. To translate this technology to potential clinical applications, we sought to study the biocompatibility of the hydrogel. In this paper, the hydrogels were implanted in vivo and assessed for their immunogenicity, toxicity, and biodegradability. Immune response for TMV substantially decreased when incorporated in the hydrogel implants. The implanted TMV hydrogels exhibited no apparent toxicity and were degradable in mice. The results highlighted the feasibility of using TMV incorporated hydrogels as scaffolding materials for regenerative medicine in terms of biocompatibility and biodegradability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 887–895, 2015.