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Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering: State‐of‐The‐Art in in vivo studies
Author(s) -
Veronesi Francesca,
Maglio Melania,
Tschon Matilde,
Aldini Nicolò Nicoli,
Fini Milena
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.34896
Subject(s) - chondrogenesis , mesenchymal stem cell , cartilage , regeneration (biology) , hyaline cartilage , stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair , tissue engineering , adipose tissue , microbiology and biotechnology , stem cell , materials science , biomedical engineering , in vivo , scaffold , biology , anatomy , pathology , adult stem cell , osteoarthritis , in vitro , medicine , articular cartilage , endothelial stem cell , biochemistry , alternative medicine , endocrinology
Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to address hyaline cartilage regeneration, but to date, there is no universal procedure to promote the restoration of mechanical and functional properties of native cartilage, which is one of the most important challenges in orthopedic surgery. For cartilage tissue engineering, adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as an alternative cell source to chondrocytes. Since little is known about adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) cartilage regeneration potential, the aim of this review was to give an overview of in vivo studies about the chondrogenic potential and regeneration ability of culture‐expanded ADSCs when implanted in heterotopic sites or in osteoarthritic and osteochondral defects. The review compares the different studies in terms of number of implanted cells and animals, cell harvesting sites, in vitro expansion and chondrogenic induction conditions, length of experimental time, defect dimensions, used scaffolds and post‐explant analyses of the cartilage regeneration. Despite variability of the in vivo protocols, it seems that good cartilage formation and regeneration were obtained with chondrogenically predifferentiated ADSCs (1 × 10 7 cells for heterotopic cartilage formation and 1 × 10 6 cells/scaffold for cartilage defect regeneration) and polymeric scaffolds, even if many other aspects need to be clarified in future studies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2448–2466, 2014.