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Cell biological responses of osteoblasts on anodized nanotubular surface of a titanium‐zirconium alloy
Author(s) -
Sista Subhash,
Nouri Alireza,
Li Yuncang,
Wen Cuie,
Hodgson Peter D.,
Pande Gopal
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.34638
Subject(s) - anodizing , materials science , titanium , wetting , contact angle , titanium alloy , zirconium , adhesion , surface roughness , surface finish , scanning electron microscope , alloy , metallurgy , nanotechnology , composite material , aluminium
Anodization of titanium and its alloys, under controlled conditions, generates a nanotubular architecture on the material surface. The biological consequences of such changes are poorly understood, and therefore, we have analyzed the cellular and molecular responses of osteoblasts that were plated on nanotubular anodized surface of a titanium‐zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Upon comparing these results with those obtained on acid etched and polished surfaces of the same alloy, we observed a significant increase in adhesion and proliferation of cells on anodized surfaces as compared to acid etched or polished surface. The expression of genes related to cell adhesion was high only on anodized TiZr, but that of genes related to osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin protein and extracellular matrix secretion were higher on both anodized and acid etched surfaces. Examination of surface morphology, topography, roughness, surface area and wettability using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry, showed that higher surface area, hydrophilicity, and nanoscale roughness of nanotubular TiZr surfaces, which were generated specifically by the anodization process, could strongly enhance the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. We propose that biological properties of known bioactive titanium alloys can be further enhanced by generating nanotubular surfaces using anodization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 3416–3430, 2013.