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Facile synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of cellulose–chitosan–hydroxyapatite composite material: A potential material for bone tissue engineering
Author(s) -
Mututuvari Tamutsiwa M.,
Harkins April L.,
Tran Chieu D.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.34636
Subject(s) - materials science , chitosan , ultimate tensile strength , composite number , composite material , cellulose , aqueous solution , bacterial cellulose , biocompatible material , biomaterial , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , chemical engineering , nuclear chemistry , biomedical engineering , nanotechnology , organic chemistry , chemistry , medicine , engineering
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is often used as a bone‐implant material because it is biocompatible and osteoconductive. However, HAp possesses poor rheological properties and it is inactive against disease‐causing microbes. To improve these properties, we developed a green method to synthesize multifunctional composites containing: (1) cellulose (CEL) to impart mechanical strength; (2) chitosan (CS) to induce antibacterial activity thereby maintaining a microbe‐free wound site; and (3) HAp. In this method, CS and CEL were co‐dissolved in an ionic liquid (IL) and then regenerated from water. HAp was subsequently formed in situ by alternately soaking [CEL+CS] composites in aqueous solutions of CaCl 2 and Na 2 HPO 4 . At least 88% of IL used was recovered for reuse by distilling the aqueous washings of [CEL+CS]. The composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. These composites retained the desirable properties of their constituents. For example, the tensile strength of the composites was enhanced 1.9 times by increasing CEL loading from 20% to 80%. Incorporating CS in the composites resulted in composites which inhibited the growth of both Gram positive (MRSA, S. aureus and VRE) and Gram negative ( E. coli and P. aeruginosa ) bacteria. These findings highlight the potential use of [CEL+CS+HAp] composites as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 3266–3277, 2013.