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Effects of Ti, PMMA, UHMWPE, and Co–Cr wear particles on differentiation and functions of bone marrow stromal cells
Author(s) -
Jiang Yunpeng,
Jia Tanghong,
Gong Weiming,
Wooley Paul H.,
Yang ShangYou
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.34595
Subject(s) - stromal cell , materials science , lactate dehydrogenase , alkaline phosphatase , osteoblast , proinflammatory cytokine , osteocalcin , rankl , bone marrow , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , chemistry , biochemistry , cancer research , biology , inflammation , in vitro , activator (genetics) , enzyme , gene
This study investigates the roles of orthopedic biomaterial particles [Ti‐alloy, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), Co–Cr alloy] on the differentiation and functions of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Cells were isolated from femurs of BALB/c mice and cultured in complete osteoblast‐induction medium in presence of micron‐sized biomaterial particles at various doses. 3‐(4,5)‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay were performed for cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Differentiation and function of osteoblasts were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, RANKL, OSX, and Runx2 expressions. Murine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in culture media were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Challenge with low doses of Ti, UHMWPE, or Co–Cr particles markedly promoted the bone marrow cell proliferation while high dose of Co–Cr significantly inhibited cell growth ( p < 0.05). Cells challenged with low dose of PMMA or UHMWPE particles (0.63 mg/mL) exhibited strong ALP activity, whereas Ti and Co–Cr groups showed minimal effects ( p < 0.05). UHMWPE and Ti particles also promoted higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction data suggested that cells treated with low dose (0.5 mg/mL) particles resulted in distinctly diminished RANKL expression compared to those exposed to high concentrated (3 mg/mL) particles. In conclusion, various types of wear debris particles behaved differently in the differentiation, maturation, and functions of osteogenic cells; and the particulate debris‐interacted BMSCs may play an important role in the pathogenesis and process of the debris‐associated aseptic prosthetic loosening. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2817–2825, 2013.