Premium
Encapsulated dental‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in an injectable and biodegradable scaffold for applications in bone tissue engineering
Author(s) -
Moshaverinia Alireza,
Chen Chider,
Akiyama Kentaro,
Xu Xingtian,
Chee Winston W. L.,
Schricker Scott R,
Shi Songtao
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.34546
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , stem cell , periodontal ligament stem cells , biomedical engineering , scaffold , materials science , tissue engineering , in vivo , microbiology and biotechnology , alkaline phosphatase , chemistry , biology , medicine , biochemistry , enzyme
Bone grafts are currently the major family of treatment options in modern reconstructive dentistry. As an alternative, stem cell‐scaffold constructs seem to hold promise for bone tissue engineering. However, the feasibility of encapsulating dental‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in scaffold biomaterials such as alginate hydrogel remains to be tested. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to: (1) develop an injectable scaffold based on oxidized alginate microbeads encapsulating periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs); and (2) investigate the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells in the microbeads both in vitro and in vivo . Microbeads with diameters of 1 ± 0.1 mm were fabricated with 2 × 10 6 stem cells/mL of alginate. Microbeads containing PDLSCs, GMSCs, and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a positive control were implanted subcutaneously and ectopic bone formation was analyzed by micro CT and histological analysis at 8‐weeks postimplantation. The encapsulated stem cells remained viable after 4 weeks of culturing in osteo‐differentiating induction medium. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction results confirmed that apatitic mineral was deposited by the stem cells. In vivo , ectopic mineralization was observed inside and around the implanted microbeads containing the immobilized stem cells. These findings demonstrate for the first time that immobilization of PDLSCs and GMSCs in alginate microbeads provides a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 3285–3294, 2013.