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Neocellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass‐coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds
Author(s) -
Gerhardt L.C.,
Widdows K. L.,
Erol M. M.,
Nandakumar A.,
Roqan I. S.,
Ansari T.,
Boccaccini A.R.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.34373
Subject(s) - decellularization , materials science , neovascularization , biomedical engineering , bioactive glass , scaffold , angiogenesis , medicine , composite material , cancer research
In this study, the in vivo recellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass (n‐BG)‐coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds were studied in a rat model and quantified using stereological analyses. Based on the highest amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by human fibroblasts grown on n‐BG coatings (0–1.245 mg/cm 2 ), decellularized trabecular bone samples (porosity: 43–81%) were coated with n‐BG particles. Grown on n‐BG particles at a coating density of 0.263 mg/cm 2 , human fibroblasts produced 4.3 times more VEGF than on uncoated controls. After 8 weeks of implantation in Sprague–Dawley rats, both uncoated and n‐BG‐coated samples were well infiltrated with newly formed tissue (47–48%) and blood vessels (3–4%). No significant differences were found in cellularization and vascularization between uncoated bone scaffolds and n‐BG‐coated scaffolds. This finding indicates that the decellularized bone itself may exhibit growth‐promoting properties induced by the highly interconnected pore microarchitecture and/or proteins left behind on decellularized scaffolds. Even if we did not find proangiogenic effects in n‐BG‐coated bone scaffolds, a bioactive coating is considered to be beneficial to impart osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties to decellularized bone. n‐BG‐coated bone grafts have thus high clinical potential for the regeneration of complex tissue defects given their ability for recellularization and neovascularization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 827–841, 2013.