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Poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) gel induces articular cartilage regeneration in vivo : Comparisons of the induction ability between single‐ and double‐network gels
Author(s) -
Ogawa Munehiro,
Kitamura Nobuto,
Kurokawa Takayuki,
Arakaki Kazunobu,
Tanaka Yasuhito,
Gong Jian Ping,
Yasuda Kazunori
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.34165
Subject(s) - materials science , in vivo , hyaline cartilage , fibrocartilage , cartilage , biomedical engineering , biophysics , anatomy , articular cartilage , pathology , biology , medicine , osteoarthritis , alternative medicine , microbiology and biotechnology
The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo cartilage induction effect of the poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) single‐network (SN) gel and poly( N , N ′‐dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMAAm) SN gel in comparison with that of the PAMPS/PDMAAm double‐network (DN) gel. An osteochondral defect created in rabbit trochlea was treated with PAMPS/PDMAAm DN, PAMPS SN, or PDMAAm SN gel implantation or left untreated. The gel was implanted into the defect so that a 2‐mm depth remained. The defects were examined by histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations, surface assessment using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis at 4 weeks. Samples were quantitatively evaluated with a scoring system reported by Wayne et al. The PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel‐implanted defect was filled with the hyaline‐like cartilage tissue. The PAMPS SN gel‐implanted defect was filled inhomogenously with hyaline/fibrocartilage tissue. The histology score of the defect treated with PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel was significantly higher than those treated with PAMPS and PDMAAm SN gels, and the untreated defect ( p = 0.0408, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively) and the scores of the defect treated with PAMPS SN gel were significantly higher than those treated with PDMAAm SN gel and the untreated defect ( p = 0.0026 and p = 0.0026, respectively). These results suggested that the PAMPS SN gel has an ability that can induce hyaline cartilage regeneration in vivo , but that the PDMAAm SN gel does not. The current study indicates that the chondrogenic potential of a negatively charged PAMPS gel component plays an important role in the cartilage regeneration ability of the PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel in vivo . © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2244–2251, 2012.