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Quantifying the effect of pore size and surface treatment on epidermal incorporation into percutaneously implanted sphere‐templated porous biomaterials in mice
Author(s) -
Underwood Robert A.,
Usui Marcia L.,
Zhao Ge,
Hauch Kip D.,
Takeno Marc M.,
Ratner Buddy D.,
Marshall Andrew J.,
Shi Xuefeng,
Olerud John E.,
Fleckman Philip
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.33125
Subject(s) - materials science , biomaterial , biomedical engineering , surface modification , porosity , sinus (botany) , nanotechnology , composite material , chemistry , medicine , biology , botany , genus
The sinus between skin and a percutaneous medical device is often a portal for infection. Epidermal integration into an optimized porous biomaterial could seal this sinus. In this study, we measured epithelial ingrowth into rods of sphere‐templated porous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) implanted percutaneously in mice. The rods contained spherical 20‐, 40‐, or 60‐μm pores with and without surface modification. Epithelial migration was measured 3, 7, and 14 days post‐implantation utilizing immunohistochemistry for pankeratins and image analysis. Our global results showed average keratinocyte migration distances of 81 ± 16.85 μm (SD). Migration was shorter through 20‐μm pores (69.32 ± 21.73) compared with 40 and 60 μm (87.04 ± 13.38 μm and 86.63 ± 8.31 μm, respectively). Migration was unaffected by 1,1′ carbonyldiimidazole surface modification without considering factors of pore size and healing duration. Epithelial integration occurred quickly showing an average migration distance of 74.13 ± 12.54 μm after 3 days without significant progression over time. These data show that the epidermis closes the sinus within 3 days, migrates into the biomaterial (an average of 11% of total rod diameter), and stops. This process forms an integrated epithelial collar without evidence of marsupialization or permigration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.