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Effect of endothelial cells on bone regeneration using poly( L ‐lactide‐ co ‐1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) scaffolds
Author(s) -
Xing Zhe,
Xue Ying,
Dånmark Staffan,
Schander Kerstin,
Østvold Siren,
Arvidson Kristina,
Hellem Sølve,
FinneWistrand Anna,
Albertsson AnnChristine,
Mustafa Kamal
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.32989
Subject(s) - stromal cell , in vitro , in vivo , histology , flow cytometry , bone marrow , staining , fetal bovine serum , microbiology and biotechnology , andrology , chemistry , biology , pathology , immunology , medicine , biochemistry
Our recent in vitro study demonstrated that endothelial cells (ECs) might influence the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe this effect in vivo , using a rat calvarial bone defect model. BMSCs were isolated from femurs of two‐donor Lewis rats and expanded in α‐minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. One fifth of BMSCs were induced and differentiated into ECs in an Endothelial Cell Growth Medium‐2 and then characterized by a flow cytometry. The remaining BMSCs were cultured in freshly prepared osteogenic stimulatory medium, containing dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β‐glycerophosphate. Either BMSCs alone (BMSC‐group) or co‐cultured ECs/BMSCs (CO‐group) were seeded into poly( L ‐lactide‐ co ‐1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) [poly(LLA‐ co ‐DXO)] scaffolds, cultured in spinner flasks, and then implanted into symmetrical calvarial defects prepared in recipient rats. The animals were sacrificed after 2 months. The formation of new bone was evaluated by radiography and histology and by the expression of osteogenic markers using reverse transcriptase‐polymerized chain reaction (RT–PCR). To investigate vessel formation, histological staining was performed with EC's markers. The radiographical and histological results showed more rapid bone formation in the CO‐ than in the BMSC‐group. However, the expression of EC's marker was similar on both groups by histological analysis after 2 months postoperatively. Furthermore, the CO‐group exhibited greater expression of osteogenic markers as demonstrated by RT–PCR. The results are consistent with the previous in vitro findings that poly(LLA‐ co ‐DXO) scaffold might be suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering. In vivo , bone regeneration was enhanced by a construct of the polymer scaffold loaded with co‐cultured cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.