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Surface modification of PCL‐TCP scaffolds improve interfacial mechanical interlock and enhance early bone formation: An in vitro and in vivo characterization
Author(s) -
Yeo A.,
Wong W. J.,
Khoo H. H.,
Teoh S. H.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.32366
Subject(s) - materials science , calvaria , polycaprolactone , wetting , surface modification , scaffold , matrix (chemical analysis) , contact angle , simulated body fluid , in vivo , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , biomedical engineering , scanning electron microscope , composite material , in vitro , chemical engineering , chemistry , medicine , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , engineering , biology , polymer
Pretreatment of polycaprolactone‐20% tricalcium phosphate (PCL‐TCP) scaffolds under alkaline conditions can be utilized to alter surface characteristics for enhanced early bone formation. PCL‐TCP scaffolds were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at various time intervals (group A: untreated, group B: 3 M NaOH for 48 h, and group C: 3 M NaOH for 96 h). In vitro results showed a greater degree of physical changes in the NaOH‐treated scaffolds (B and C) than the untreated group (A). Clearly, the NaOH‐treated scaffolds showed an increased surface roughness than the untreated ones. A significantly large number of “channel‐like” pits and greater average pit sizes were detected in groups B (14.51 ± 10.9 μm) and C (20.27 ± 14.3 μm); and absent in group A. In addition, treated scaffolds had a significant reduction of the water contact angle (40.9–58.2%). Favorably, the pore dimensions and scaffold rod thickness remained unchanged throughout the experiment. When implanted in the calvaria of rabbits, NaOH‐treated scaffolds reported greater early matrix deposition and bone formation from scanning electron images and Micro‐computed tomography analyses. In conclusion, pretreatment of PCL‐TCP scaffolds with NaOH increases the wettability and surface area for initial matrix deposition and early bone ingrowth. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010