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Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of poly(lactic acid glycolic acid)/nano‐hydroxyapatite composite microsphere‐based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in rotating bioreactors
Author(s) -
Lv Qing,
Nair Lakshmi,
Laurencin Cato T.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.32302
Subject(s) - materials science , bioreactor , composite number , plga , tissue engineering , biomedical engineering , scaffold , glycolic acid , porosity , sintering , chemical engineering , composite material , lactic acid , nanotechnology , nanoparticle , chemistry , organic chemistry , bacteria , genetics , medicine , engineering , biology
Dynamic flow culture bioreactor systems have been shown to enhance in vitro bone tissue formation by facilitating mass transfer and providing mechanical stimulation. Our laboratory has developed a biodegradable poly (lactic acid glycolic acid) (PLAGA) mixed scaffold consisting of lighter‐than‐water (LTW) and heavier‐than‐water (HTW) microspheres as potential matrices for engineering tissue using a high aspect ratio vessel (HARV) rotating bioreactor system. We have demonstrated enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization on PLAGA scaffolds in the HARV rotating bioreactor system when compared with static culture. The objective of the present study is to improve the mechanical properties and bioactivity of polymeric scaffolds by designing LTW polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds suitable for dynamic culture using a HARV bioreactor. We employed a microsphere sintering method to fabricate three‐dimensional PLAGA/nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HA) mixed scaffolds composed of LTW and HTW composite microspheres. The mechanical properties, pore size and porosity of the composite scaffolds were controlled by varying parameters, such as sintering temperature, sintering time, and PLAGA/n‐HA ratio. The PLAGA/n‐HA (4:1) scaffold sintered at 90°C for 3 h demonstrated the highest mechanical properties and an appropriate pore structure for bone tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, evaluation human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) response to PLAGA/n‐HA scaffolds was performed. HMSCs on PLAGA/n‐HA scaffolds demonstrated enhanced proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization when compared with those on PLAGA scaffolds. Therefore, PLAGA/n‐HA mixed scaffolds are promising candidates for HARV bioreactor‐based bone tissue engineering applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009