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Crosslinked hyaluronic acid dermal fillers: A comparison of rheological properties
Author(s) -
Falcone Samuel J.,
Berg Richard A.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.31675
Subject(s) - materials science , rheology , elasticity (physics) , composite material , polymer , rheometry , filler (materials) , hyaluronic acid , viscosity , genetics , biology
Abstract Temporary dermal fillers composed of crosslinked hyaluronic acid (XLHA) are space filling gels that are readily available in the United States and Europe. Several families of dermal fillers based on XLHA are now available and here we compare the physical and rheological properties of these fillers to the clinical effectiveness. The XLHA fillers are prepared with different crosslinkers, using HA isolated from different sources, have different particle sizes, and differ substantially in rheological properties. For these fillers, the magnitude of the complex viscosity, |η*|, varies by a factor of 20, the magnitude of the complex rigidity modulus, | G *|, and the magnitude of the complex compliance, | J *| vary by a factor of 10, the percent elasticity varies from 58% to 89.9%, and the tan δ varies from 0.11 to 0.70. The available clinical data cannot be correlated with either the oscillatory dynamic or steady flow rotational rheological properties of the various fillers. However, the clinical data appear to correlate strongly with the total concentration of XLHA in the products and to a lesser extent with percent elasticity. Hence, our data suggest the following correlation: dermal filler persistence = [polymer] × [% elasticity] and the clinical persistence of a dermal filler composed of XLHA is dominated by the mass and elasticity of the material implanted. This work predicts that the development of future XLHA dermal filler formulations should focus on increasing the polymer concentration and elasticity to improve the clinical persistence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008