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An introduction of various spectroscopic methods to identify in vivo metal wear in total knee arthroplasty
Author(s) -
Kovacik M. W.,
Gradisar I. A.,
Tokash J. C.,
Stojilovic N.,
Ehrman J. D.,
Bender E. T.,
Ramsier R. D.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of biomedical materials research part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.849
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1552-4965
pISSN - 1549-3296
DOI - 10.1002/jbm.a.31507
Subject(s) - materials science , scanning electron microscope , energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy , joint arthroplasty , biomedical engineering , particulates , raman spectroscopy , composite material , arthroplasty , optics , radiology , medicine , ecology , physics , biology
While the industrial community already employs multiple surface analytical techniques to study compositional wearing of various metallic and nonmetallic materials, as yet, these methods have not been widely introduced into the biological community. We report on a novel approach, using the industrial spectroscopic techniques of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, to identify the fine wear particulates and other impurities deposited within the knee‐joint following total knee arthroplasty. In this study, synovial fluid was extracted from knee‐joints scheduled for revision of total knee arthroplasty. The small debris flake formed by centrifugation of the fluid was analyzed using the spectroscopic techniques mentioned above. These nondestructive techniques were successful in identifying numerous micron and submicron sized metallic particulates that appear to emanate from both the prosthetic bearing (articulating) surfaces and from backside (nonarticulating) surfaces, even when gross wearing of the prosthetic device was not detectable by direct visual inspection intraoperatively. Most interesting is that the ratio of the in vivo metallic debris is approximately the same ratio as that of the manufactured alloy, indicating prosthetic wearing as opposed to chemical dissolution. More importantly, using these spectroscopic techniques to probe both the surface and below the surface of the synovial deposits, we identify an inhomogeneous distribution of the wear debris. This indicates the need to use multiple techniques in order to adequately identify the elemental composition of the prosthetic wear material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008