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Infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopic surface analysis of bovine‐tail intervertebral discs after UV ‐light‐activated riboflavin‐induced collagen cross‐linking
Author(s) -
Vasilikos Ioannis,
Haas Julian,
Teixeira Graciosa Q.,
Nothelfer Julia,
NeidlingerWilke Cornelia,
Wilke HansJoachim,
Seitz Andreas,
Vavvas Demetrios G.,
Zentner Josef,
Beck Jürgen,
Hubbe Ulrich,
Mizaikoff Boris
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of biophotonics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.877
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1864-0648
pISSN - 1864-063X
DOI - 10.1002/jbio.202000110
Subject(s) - attenuated total reflection , ultimate tensile strength , chemistry , in vivo , biophysics , fetal bovine serum , biomedical engineering , in vitro , materials science , biochemistry , infrared spectroscopy , biology , composite material , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry
The tensile strength of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is mainly maintained by collagen cross‐links. Loss of collagen cross‐linking combined with other age‐related degenerative processes contributes to tissue weakening, biomechanical failure, disc herniation and pain. Exogenous collagen cross‐linking has been identified as an effective therapeutic approach for restoring IVD tensile strength. The current state‐of‐the‐art method to assess the extent of collagen cross‐linking in tissues requires destructive procedures and high‐performance liquid chromatography. In this study, we investigated the utility of infrared attenuated total reflection (IR‐ATR) spectroscopy as a nondestructive analytical strategy to rapidly evaluate the extent of UV‐light‐activated riboflavin (B2)‐induced collagen cross‐linking in bovine IVD samples. Thirty‐five fresh bovine‐tail IVD samples were equally divided into five treatment groups: (a) untreated, (b) cell culture medium Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium only, (c) B2 only, (d) UV‐light only and (e) UV‐light‐B2. A total of 674 measurements have been acquired, and were analyzed via partial least squares discriminant analysis. This classification scheme unambiguously identified individual classes with a sensitivity >91% and specificity >92%. The obtained results demonstrate that IR‐ATR spectroscopy reliably differentiates between different treatment categories, and promises an excellent tool for potential in vivo, nondestructive and real‐time assessment of exogenous IVD cross‐linking.