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Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy: overcoming technical barriers for clinical translation
Author(s) -
Tu Haohua,
Boppart Stephen A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of biophotonics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.877
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1864-0648
pISSN - 1864-063X
DOI - 10.1002/jbio.201300031
Subject(s) - hyperspectral imaging , raman scattering , translation (biology) , raman spectroscopy , microscopy , computer science , nanotechnology , materials science , artificial intelligence , optics , physics , chemistry , biochemistry , messenger rna , gene
Clinical translation of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy is of great interest because of the advantages of noninvasive label‐free imaging, high sensitivity, and chemical specificity. For this to happen, we have identified and review the technical barriers that must be overcome. Prior investigations have developed advanced techniques (features), each of which can be used to effectively overcome one particular technical barrier. However, the implementation of one or a small number of these advanced features in previous attempts for clinical translation has often introduced more tradeoffs than benefits. In this review, we outline a strategy that would integrate multiple advanced features to overcome all the technical barriers simultaneously, effectively reduce tradeoffs, and synergistically optimize CARS microscopy for clinical translation. The operation of the envisioned system incorporates coherent Raman micro‐spectroscopy for identifying vibrational biomolecular markers of disease and single‐frequency (or hyperspectral) Raman imaging of these specific biomarkers for real‐time in vivo diagnostics and monitoring. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)