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Issues in assessing the health risks of n‐butanol
Author(s) -
Segal Deborah,
Bale Ambuja S.,
Phillips Linda J.,
Sasso Alan,
Schlosser Paul M.,
Starkey C.,
Makris Susan L.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.3820
Subject(s) - butanol , n butanol , inhalation , medicine , pharmacology , ethanol , chemistry , organic chemistry , anesthesia
A literature review and health effects evaluation were conducted for n‐butanol, a chemical that occurs naturally in some foods, which is an intermediate in the production of butyl esters and can be used as a gasoline additive or blend. Studies evaluating n‐butyl acetate were included in the review as n‐butyl acetate is rapidly converted to n‐butanol following multiple routes of exposure. The primary n‐butanol health effects identified were developmental and nervous system endpoints. In conducting the literature review and evaluating study findings, the following observations were made: (1) developmental findings were consistently identified; (2) neurodevelopmental findings were inconsistent; (3) evidence for nervous system effects was weak; (4) comparing internal doses from oral and inhalation exposures using physiologically based pharmacokinetic models introduces uncertainties; and (5) a lack of mechanistic information for n‐butanol resulted in the reliance on mechanistic data for ethanol, which may or may not be applicable to n‐butanol. This paper presents findings from a literature review on the health effects of n‐butanol and proposes research to help reduce uncertainty that exists due to database limitations.