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Changes in RANKL and osteoprotegerin expression after chronic exposure to indoor air pollution as a result of cooking with biomass fuel
Author(s) -
Saha Hirak,
Mukherjee Bidisha,
Bindhani Banani,
Ray Manas Ranjan
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.3275
Subject(s) - rankl , osteoprotegerin , cd14 , chemistry , endocrinology , medicine , receptor , osteoclast , immunology , biochemistry , activator (genetics)
The impact of indoor air pollution as a result of cooking with unprocessed biomass on membrane‐bound and serum receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa ligand 1 (RANKL), its soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteoclast precursor CD14 + CD16 + monocytes was investigated. Seventy‐four pre‐menopausal women from eastern India using biomass and 65 control women who cooked with cleaner liquefied petroleum gas were enrolled. PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels in their indoor air were measured with real‐time aerosol monitors. The levels of membrane‐bound RANKL on leukocytes and percentage CD14 + CD16 + monocytes in the subjects' blood were assayed by flow cytometry. Soluble RANKL and OPG in serum were measured by ELISA. The results showed that PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels were significantly higher in the indoor air of biomass‐using households. Compared with the control women, the levels of CD4 + and CD19 + lymphocytes and circulating granulocytes with elevated levels of membrane‐bound RANKL were higher in biomass users. The serum levels of RANKL were increased by 41% whereas serum OPG was reduced by 22% among biomass users. The absolute number of CD14 + CD16 + monocytes was significantly increased in biomass users than the control women. After controlling for potential confounders, PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels were found to be positively associated with leukocyte and serum RANKL and CD14 + CD16 + monocyte levels, but negatively with serum OPG. From these results, we can conclude that chronic exposure to biomass smoke increased membrane‐bound and soluble RANKL and circulating osteoclast precursors but decreased OPG, suggesting an increased risk of bone resorption and consequent osteoporosis in biomass‐exposed women of a child‐bearing age. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.