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Involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and NF‐κB signaling pathways in perfluorooctane sulfonic acid‐induced inflammatory reaction in BV2 microglial cells
Author(s) -
Zhu Jingying,
Qian Wenyi,
Wang Yixin,
Gao Rong,
Wang Jun,
Xiao Hang
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.3119
Subject(s) - protein kinase a , signal transduction , chemistry , mitogen activated protein kinase , microbiology and biotechnology , kinase , mapk/erk pathway , nf κb , sulfonic acid , biochemistry , biology , organic chemistry
Microglial activation is closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by producing proinflammatory cytokines. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), known as an emerging persistent organic pollutant, is reported to disturb human immune homeostasis; however, whether it affects cytokine production or the immune response in the central nervous system remains unclear. The present study was aimed to explore whether PFOS contributed to inflammatory action and to investigate the corresponding mechanisms in BV2 microglia. PFOS‐mediated morphologic changes, cytokine responses and signaling events were examined by light microscopy, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot assays. Our results indicated that PFOS increased BV2 cells activation and simultaneously increased tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin‐6 expression. In addition, the c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase inhibitor (SP600125), as well as ERK1/2 blocker (PD98059), transcriptionally at least, displayed anti‐inflammatory properties on PFOS‐elicited cytokine responses. Moreover, the inflammatory transcription factor NF‐κB was specifically activated by PFOS as well. These results, taken together, suggested that PFOS exerts its functional effects on the response of microglial cell activation via, in part, the c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase, ERK and NF‐κB signaling pathways with its subsequent influence on proinflammatory action. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.