Premium
Hydrophobic sodium fluoride‐based nanocrystals doped with lanthanide ions: assessment of in vitro toxicity to human blood lymphocytes and phagocytes
Author(s) -
Sojka Bartlomiej,
Kuricova Miroslava,
Liskova Aurelia,
Bartusova Maria,
Banski Mateusz,
Misiewicz Jan,
Dusinska Maria,
Horvathova Mira,
Jahnova Eva,
Ilavska Silvia,
Szabova Michaela,
Rollerova Eva,
Podhorodecki Artur,
Tulinska Jana
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.3050
Subject(s) - in vitro , chemistry , respiratory burst , toxicity , cytotoxicity , phagocytosis , fluoride , sodium fluoride , lymphocyte , sodium , whole blood , nuclear chemistry , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , medicine , biology , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry
In vitro immunotoxicity of hydrophobic sodium fluoride‐based nanocrystals (NCs) doped with lanthanide ions was examined in this study. Although there is already a significant amount of optical and structural data on NaYF 4 NCs, data on safety assessment are missing. Therefore, peripheral whole blood from human volunteers was used to evaluate the effect of 25 and 30 nm hydrophobic NaYF 4 NCs dissolved in cyclohexane (CH) on lymphocytes, and of 10 nm NaYF 4 NCs on phagocytes. In the concentration range 0.12–75 µg cm −2 (0.17–106 µg ml −1 ), both 25 and 30nm NaYF 4 NCs did not induce cytotoxicity when measured as incorporation of [ 3 H]‐thymidine into DNA. Assessment of lymphocyte function showed significant suppression of the proliferative activity of T‐lymphocytes and T‐dependent B‐cell response in peripheral blood cultures ( n = 7) stimulated in vitro with mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed (PWM) (PHA > PWM). No clear dose–response effect was observed. Phagocytic activity and respiratory burst of leukocytes ( n = 5–8) were generally less affected. A dose‐dependent suppression of phagocytic activity of granulocytes in cultures treated with 25 nm NCs was observed (vs. medium control). A decrease in phagocytic activity of monocytes was found in cells exposed to higher doses of 10 and 30 nm NCs. The respiratory burst of phagocytes was significantly decreased by exposure to the middle dose of 30 nm NCs only. In conclusion, our results demonstrate immunotoxic effects of hydrophobic NaYF 4 NCs doped with lanthanide ions to lymphocytes and to lesser extent to phagocytes. Further research needs to be done, particularly faze transfer of hydrophobic NCs to hydrophilic ones, to eliminate the solvent effect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.