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Single‐walled carbon nanotube and graphene nanodelivery of gambogic acid increases its cytotoxicity in breast and pancreatic cancer cells
Author(s) -
Saeed Lamya M,
Mahmood Meena,
Pyrek Sebastian J.,
Fahmi Tariq,
Xu Yang,
Mustafa Thikra,
Nima Zeid A.,
Bratton Stacie M.,
Casciano Dan,
Dervishi Enkeleda,
RadominskaPandya Anna,
Biris Alexandru S.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.3018
Subject(s) - gambogic acid , cytotoxicity , chemistry , lactate dehydrogenase , intracellular , pancreatic cancer , apoptosis , toxicity , cancer cell , in vitro , pharmacology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biophysics , cancer research , biology , medicine , cancer , enzyme , organic chemistry
Graphene and single‐walled carbon nanotubes were used to deliver the natural low‐toxicity drug gambogic acid (GA) to breast and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro , and the effectiveness of this complex in suppressing cellular integrity was assessed. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, mitochondria dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, DNA fragmentation, intracellular lipid content, and membrane permeability/caspase activity. The nanomaterials showed no toxicity at the concentrations used, and the antiproliferative effects of GA were significantly enhanced by nanodelivery. The results suggest that these complexes inhibit human breast and pancreatic cancer cells grown in vitro . This analysis represents a first step toward assessing their effectiveness in more complex, targeted, nanodelivery systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.