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Evaluation of cytotoxic, oxidative stress and genotoxic responses of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on human blood cells
Author(s) -
Turkez Hasan,
Yousef Mokhtar I.,
Sönmez Erdal,
Togar Başak,
Bakan Feray,
Sozio Piera,
Stefano Antonio Di
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.2958
Subject(s) - genotoxicity , oxidative stress , micronucleus test , lactate dehydrogenase , chemistry , viability assay , comet assay , sister chromatid exchange , cytotoxicity , antioxidant , microbiology and biotechnology , dna damage , micronucleus , deoxyguanosine , pharmacology , biochemistry , toxicity , apoptosis , in vitro , biology , dna , enzyme , organic chemistry
The present study was designed to investigate genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and oxidative damage of increasing concentrations of nano‐hydroxyapatite (5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm) in primary human blood cell cultures. Cell viability was detected by [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl) 2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and lactate dehydrogenase release, while total antioxidant capacity and total oxidative stress levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosome aberration assays and 8‐oxo‐2‐deoxyguanosine level as indicators of genotoxicity. The results of [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl) 2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and lactate dehydrogenase assays showed that the higher concentrations (150, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm) of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) decreased cell viability. HAP NPs led to increases of total oxidative stress (300, 500 and 1000 ppm) levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity (150, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm) levels in cultured human blood cells. On the basis of increasing concentrations, HAP NPs caused significant increases of sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosome aberration rates and 8‐oxo‐2‐deoxyguanosine levels as compared to untreated culture. In conclusion, the obtained in vitro results showed that HAP NPs had dose‐dependent effects on inducing oxidative damage, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human blood cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.