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Effects of copper on gill structure and transport function in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss
Author(s) -
Sola François,
Isaia Jacques,
Masoni Armand
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.2550150509
Subject(s) - rainbow trout , chemistry , biophysics , copper , sodium , atpase , osmoregulation , trout , ion transporter , membrane , biochemistry , biology , fish <actinopterygii> , salinity , ecology , organic chemistry , fishery , enzyme
Effects of copper were studied in freshwater adapted rainbow trout using the perfused head preparation. In its monovalent chemical form, copper at millimolar concentrations had no significant effects on Na + and water transport. By contrast, the divalent form produced an increase in gill perfusion pressure, a significant reduction in Na + influx and water fluxes and reversed Na + net flux. Observations by light microscopy showed important cell damage (oedema, mucus production, cellular desquamation). By electron microscopy there was smoothing of apical membranes, swelling of the tubular system and destruction of mitochondria. The Na, K‐ATPase activity was totally suppressed and residual ATPase activity largely inhibited by 1 mM Cu 2+ . There was inhibition of the Na, K‐ATPase activity with an IC 50 of ± 10 μM of total copper (free and bound cupric fractions). As active sodium transport is located on the secondary lamellae, our results show that its entry mechanism is inhibited at that level by cupric ions only. Results are discussed in relation to hydromineral balance of the trout.