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Clinical effects of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors
Author(s) -
Sidell Frederick R.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.2550140212
Subject(s) - miosis , cholinesterase , pralidoxime , bronchoconstriction , atropine , acetylcholinesterase , anesthesia , medicine , acetylcholine , nerve agent , pharmacology , butyrylcholinesterase , soman , fasciculation , ptosis , vomiting , chemistry , aché , airway , enzyme , biochemistry
Nerve agents, highly toxic organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors, inhibit acetylcholinesterase and cause an accumulation of acetylcholine. Clinical effects depend on the route and amount of exposure and include miosis, bronchoconstriction, excessive secretions, vomiting, seizures, and cessation of respiratory and cardiac activity. Eye effects include miosis, engorgement of ocular vessels, pain, and a decrease in light sensitivity. Therapy consists of atropine, a cholinesterase reactivator (pralidoxime), and ventilation as needed.