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Joint toxic action of binary mixtures of osteolathyrogens at malformation‐inducing concentrations for Xenopus Embryos
Author(s) -
Dawson Douglas A.,
Wilke Teresa S.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.2550110607
Subject(s) - embryo , action (physics) , joint (building) , toxicology , chemistry , andrology , biology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , physics , engineering , quantum mechanics , architectural engineering
The joint action of binary mixtures of the osteolathyrogens semicarbazide (SC), β‐aminopropionitrile (βAPN) and penicillamine (PNC) were determined at malformation‐inducing concentrations for Xenopus embryos. Tests were static with renewal every 24 h for the 96‐h test period. Simultaneous tests on each individual component of the binary mixtures alone gave baseline malformation data (EC 50 ) for joint action analyses. Toxic unit analysis and isobole diagrams were used to determine the type of joint action for 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 mixtures of each combination. The joint action was concentration additive (strictly additive) for SC with βAPN and response additive (less‐than‐additive) for SC with PNC and βAPN with PNC. The joint actions were not changed when only osteolathyrogenic lesions, rather than all types of malformations, were considered. The different specific location and character of PNC lesions, as opposed to those for SC and βAPN, may signify a different type of osteolathyrogenic effect for PNC. The mixture testing approach has potential value in determining compounds that act similarly.