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Interactions between verapamil and metoprolol in the developing chick embryo heart
Author(s) -
Nishikawa Toshio,
Kasajima Takeshi,
Kanai Takao
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.2550110207
Subject(s) - verapamil , metoprolol , embryo , medicine , calcium , aorta , hemodynamics , endocrinology , cardiology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology
A calcium blocking agent, verapamil, and a β 1 ‐adrenoreceptor blocking agent, metoprolol, were administered alone or in combination to 4‐day‐old chick embryos (Hamburger‐Hamilton developmental stage 24). Embryos co‐administered with verapamil (0.05 nmol) and metoprolol (0.1 or 1.0 nmol), neither of which alone caused significant teratogenicity, showed cardiovascular malformations, including ventricular septal defects associated with or without dextroposition of the aorta (overriding aorta). The alteration of calcium movement into the myocyte and/or the haemodynamic change following impaired calcium transport are suggested to be possible causative factors.