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Embryotoxicity of sixteen industrial amines to the chicken embryo
Author(s) -
Korhonen A.,
Hemminki K.,
Vainio H.
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.2550030210
Subject(s) - sodium nitrite , embryo , triethylamine , chemistry , aniline , amine gas treating , triethylenetetramine , toxicology , nitrite , nuclear chemistry , biology , organic chemistry , nitrate , microbiology and biotechnology
Abstract Sixteen amine compounds that are used in the rubber industry, and sodium nitrite, were tested on three‐day chicken embryos for embryotoxicity. The parameters measured were: early deaths recorded within two days of injection, late deaths of malformed embryos, late deaths of non‐malformed embryos and malformed survivors. The most embryotoxic chemicals were N ‐phenyl‐ N ′‐isopropyl‐ p ‐phenylenediamine, N,N,N ,‐triethylethylenediamine, N,N ′,‐dicyclohexyl‐ p ‐phenyleneamine and triethylamine, with total effect ED 50 values, including deaths and malformations, between 0.11 and 0.90 μmol per egg. The ED 50 values for triethylenetetramine, N ‐(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐ N ′‐phenyl‐ p ‐phenylenediamine, triethanolamine, N ‐phenyl‐2‐naphtylamine, aniline and N ‐nitrosodiphenylamine ranged from 1.1 to 7.0 μnol per egg. Sodium nitrite was the least potent, with an ED 50 of 22 μmol per egg. Six chemicals produced no effects. They probably did not reach the embryo. The four most potent chemicals, together with aniline, caused the highest frequencies of malformations.