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Microwave assisted extraction of drugs of abuse from human urine
Author(s) -
Fernández Purificación,
Lago Marta,
Lorenzo Rosa Antonia,
Carro Antonia María,
Bermejo Ana María,
Tabernero María Jesús
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of applied toxicology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.784
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1099-1263
pISSN - 0260-437X
DOI - 10.1002/jat.1216
Subject(s) - benzoylecgonine , chromatography , codeine , analyte , extraction (chemistry) , urine , methadone , chromatography detector , high performance liquid chromatography , chemistry , morphine , medicine , pharmacology , biochemistry
Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract drugs of abuse from urine samples for the simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine, 6‐acetylmorphine (6AM), cocaine, cocaethylene, benzoylecgonine (BEG), methadone and 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD). The working wavelengths used were 285 nm for morphine, codeine and 6AM; 233 nm for cocaine, cocaethylene and BEG; and 292 nm for methadone and EDDP. The mobile phase was a gradient of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. A full factorial design was used to identify the most suitable extraction conditions as regards pH, solvent and time of extraction. The optimum conditions thus established provided analyte recoveries from 61% to 109%. The detector response was linear over the drug concentration range 0.1–4.0 µg ml −1 in urine. The within‐ and between‐day precision and accuracy were less than 8% and 6.5%, respectively. The method was applied successfully to samples obtained from Galician hospitals and courts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.