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Can subjective expectations data be used in choice models? evidence on cognitive biases
Author(s) -
Zafar Basit
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of applied econometrics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.878
H-Index - 99
eISSN - 1099-1255
pISSN - 0883-7252
DOI - 10.1002/jae.1236
Subject(s) - cognitive dissonance , recall , cognition , psychology , cognitive bias , motivated reasoning , set (abstract data type) , cognitive psychology , debiasing , confirmation bias , rounding , social psychology , computer science , politics , neuroscience , political science , law , programming language , operating system
A pervasive concern with the use of subjective data in choice models is that they are biased and endogenous. This paper examines the extent to which cognitive biases plague subjective data, and specifically addresses the questions of: (1) whether cognitive dissonance affects the reporting of beliefs; and (2) whether individuals exert sufficient mental effort when probed about their subjective beliefs. For this purpose, I collect a unique panel dataset of Northwestern University undergraduates which contains their subjective expectations about major‐specific outcomes for their chosen major as well as for other alternatives in their choice set. I do not find evidence of cognitive biases systematically affecting the reporting of beliefs. By analyzing patterns of belief updating, I can rule out cognitive dissonance being of serious concern in the current setting. There does not seem to be any systematic (non‐classical) measurement error in the reporting of beliefs: I do not find systematic patterns in mental recall of previous responses, or in the extent of rounding in the reported beliefs for the various majors. Comparison of subjective beliefs with objective measures suggests that students have well‐formed expectations. Overall, the results paint a favorable picture for the use of subjective expectations data in choice models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.