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A Comparison of Verbal Response Modes Used by Master's‐Level Career Counselors and Other Helpers
Author(s) -
Nagel Diana P.,
Hoffman Mary Ann,
Hill Clara E.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of counseling and development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.805
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1556-6676
pISSN - 0748-9633
DOI - 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01830.x
Subject(s) - paraphrase , psychology , career counseling , interpretation (philosophy) , mental health , counseling psychology , career planning , social psychology , medical education , applied psychology , pedagogy , psychotherapist , medicine , linguistics , philosophy
The verbal response modes of 4 master's‐level career counselors, each in middle sessions of career counseling with 2 adult clients, were categorized and compared with those of other types of helpers. Career counselors primarily used information, direct guidance, paraphrase, and closed question. In comparison with data presented in Hill, Thames, and Rardin (1979) Toro (1986) and Levy (1989) career counselors were most similar to Albert Ellis, mental health professionals, psychologists on radio talk shows, and family practice lawyers in that all frequently used information and direct guidance. They were most dissimilar to Carl Rogers, who used more paraphrase, interpretation, and confrontation.