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Clinical Pharmacology of Estrogens: Cardiovascular Actions and Cardioprotective Benefits of Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
Author(s) -
Schwartz Jill,
Freeman Ruth,
Frishman William
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
the journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.92
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1552-4604
pISSN - 0091-2700
DOI - 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04739.x
Subject(s) - medicine , endometrial cancer , clinical pharmacology , menopause , breast cancer , hormone replacement therapy (female to male) , estrogen , progestin , hormone , osteoporosis , disease , pharmacology , cancer , physiology , bioinformatics , biology , testosterone (patch)
The use of estrogens in postmenopausal women has been the subject of much controversy regarding hormone formulation, dosage, use in combination with progestins, duration of treatment, and contraindications. Estrogens have been prescribed to relieve menopausal symptoms for more than three decades. The hormones reduce the gynecologic and psychologic changes associated with menopause while inhibiting bone resorption and possibly reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Their use however has been complicated by an increased risk of endometrial cancer and possibly breast cancer. The use of estrogens as cardioprotective agents is discussed and the clinical experiences and the possible mechanisms of action are reviewed. The clinical pharmacology of estrogens and the various formulations that are available as monotherapy or in combination with progestins will also be reviewed.