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The Antidotal Action of Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate Against Cyanide Poisoning
Author(s) -
Baskin Steven I.,
Horowitz Arthur M.,
Nealley Eric W.
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
the journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.92
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1552-4604
pISSN - 0091-2700
DOI - 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03849.x
Subject(s) - antidote , sodium thiosulfate , sodium nitrite , pharmacology , cyanide poisoning , chemistry , thiosulfate , cyanide , sodium , sodium cyanide , pharmacokinetics , amyl nitrite , nitrite , medicine , toxicology , toxicity , anesthesia , organic chemistry , biology , sulfur , nitrate
The combination of sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite has been used in the United States since the 1930s as the primary antidote for cyanide intoxication. Although this combination was shown to exhibit much greater efficacy than either ingredient alone, the two compounds could not be used prophylactically because each exhibits a number of side effects. This review discusses the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of the individual agents, and their combination.