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Chlorine fate and transport in distribution systems: Experimental and modeling studies
Author(s) -
Clark Robert M.,
Yang Y. Jeffrey,
Impellitteri Christopher A.,
Haught Roy C.,
Schupp Donald A.,
Panguluri Srinivas,
Krishnan E. Radha
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.2010.tb10117.x
Subject(s) - chlorine , disinfectant , environmental science , environmental engineering , contamination , water quality , residual , waste management , water treatment , chloride , materials science , chemistry , engineering , metallurgy , ecology , organic chemistry , algorithm , computer science , biology
It has become generally accepted that water quality can deteriorate in a distribution system through microbiological and chemical reactions in the bulk phase and/or at the pipe wall. The most serious aspect of water quality deterioration in a network is the loss of the disinfectant residual that can weaken the barrier against microbial contamination. Studies have suggested that one factor contributing to the loss of disinfectant residuals is the reaction between bulk‐phase disinfectants and pipe wall material. Free chlorine loss in corroded metal and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, subject to changes in velocity, was assessed during an experiment conducted under controlled conditions in a specially constructed pipe loop at the US Environmental Protection Agency's test and evaluation facility in Cincinnati, Ohio. These studies demonstrated that in older unlined metal pipes, the loss of chlorine residual increases with velocity but that wall demand in PVC was negligible.