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Kinetics of dihaloacetic acid formation during chloramination
Author(s) -
Pope Phillip G.,
Speitel Gerald E.,
Collins M. Robin
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07809.x
Subject(s) - chloramination , dichloroacetic acid , chemistry , haloacetic acids , bromide , kinetics , environmental chemistry , bromine , water treatment , chlorine , chloramine , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , environmental engineering , environmental science , physics , quantum mechanics
Batch experiments were conducted on both source and treated water from four locations to study the kinetics of dihaloacetic acid (X2AA) formation during chloramination. The influence of treatment, pH, bromide concentration, and periods of free chlorination on X2AA formation kinetics was examined. Bromine‐substituted X2AA, i.e., bromochloroacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid, formed more rapidly than did dichloroacetic acid; short periods of prechlorination (between 5 and 20 min) significantly increased haloacetic acid (HAA) formation. This research demonstrates that most X2AA formation occurs within water treatment facilities that prechlorinate before chloramination; therefore, HAA control strategies in such plants should focus on the chlorination step.