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Sequential Disinfection of adenovirus type 2 with UV‐Chlorine‐Chloramine
Author(s) -
Ballester Nicola A.,
Malley James P.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10726.x
Subject(s) - chloramine , chlorine , chemistry , ultraviolet , chloramine t , nuclear chemistry , serotype , chromatography , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , materials science , organic chemistry , optoelectronics
Bench‐scale experiments determined the inactivation rates of adenovirus serotype 2 with low‐pressure, high‐output ultraviolet (UV) light, chlorine (Cl 2 ), and preformed chloramines. Studies with sequential chloramines were also done to mimic water treatment practices. Sequential experiments with adenovirus serotype 2 suspended in laboratory‐grade water and natural waters containing ammonia were exposed to either UV light followed by Cl 2 /chloramines or the reverse sequence. Adenovirus log reductions were quantified through cell culture techniques. A free Cl 2 C × T (concentration × time) of 1.22 mg‐min/L resulted in a 3.72‐log reduction, a preformed chloramine C × T of 264.5 mg‐min/L resulted in a 1.2‐log reduction, a sequential chloramine C × T of 40.5 mg‐min/L resulted in a 1‐log reduction, and a UV dose of 40 mJ/cm 2 resulted in a 1‐log reduction. Up to 4‐log reductions were achieved with a UV dose of 40 mJ/cm 2 followed by a sequential chloramine C × T of 27.2 mg‐min/L. This suggests that sequential disinfection may be the best option for dealing with UV‐resistant organisms such as adenoviruses.