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ClO 2 and by‐product persistence in a Drinking Water System
Author(s) -
Hoehn Robert C.,
Ellenberger Christine S.,
Gallagher Daniel L.,
Wiseman Eurman “Toby” V.,
Benninger Robert W.,
Rosenblatt Aaron
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10340.x
Subject(s) - chlorine dioxide , chemistry , chlorate , chlorine , environmental chemistry , chlorite , water treatment , environmental engineering , environmental science , inorganic chemistry , paleontology , quartz , organic chemistry , biology
This research evaluated a chlorine gas–solid sodium chlorite chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) generation system at the Roanoke County (Va.) Spring Hollow Water Treatment Facility and monitored concentrations of the oxidant and its by‐products within the facility and distribution system. Project objectives were to (1) document changes in ClO 2 , chlorite ion (ClO 2 –), and chlorate ion (ClO 3 –) concentrations throughout the facility and distribution system following raw water ClO 2 pretreatment; (2) evaluate ClO 2 – removal by the postfilter granular activated carbon (GAC) contactors; and (3) determine distribution system ClO 2 concentrations associated with odor complaints. The average raw water ClO 2 dose was 0.4 mg/L, and overall ClO 2 – removals by GAC averaged 63% but declined markedly with increasing throughput volume. Distribution system ClO 2 – concentrations were generally <0.2 mg/L and decreased with increasing distance from the treatment facility; ClO 3 – never exceeded 0.1 mg/L. ClO 2 was measured at low concentrations (0.017–0.17 mg/L) in the distribution system, and a measured concentration of 0.03 mg/L was found at the home of one customer who complained of odors.