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Selecting MF to satisfy regulations
Author(s) -
Kelley William A.,
Olson Roger A.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08648.x
Subject(s) - raw water , filtration (mathematics) , microfiltration , environmental science , water treatment , environmental engineering , surface water , total maximum daily load , filter (signal processing) , agency (philosophy) , watershed , water supply , waste management , business , engineering , chemistry , mathematics , computer science , membrane , biochemistry , statistics , machine learning , electrical engineering , philosophy , epistemology
When Marquette, Mich., was faced with having to filter its cold, clean source water for the first time, microfiltration was the technology of choice. The city of Marquette, Mich., operates a public water system that uses Lake Superior as its raw water source. Historically, only chlorination was provided so that the drinking water met state and federal drinking water standards. In 1989, the US Environmental Protection Agency promulgated the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), which requires filtration of all surface water sources unless the water supplier controls the watershed. This rule intensified efforts by the state's drinking water program to have the city install and operate a filtration system. The city was advised to construct a direct filtration plant but decided against it. An alternative suggestion for the city's cold, clean source water was microfiltration (MF). Results of a feasibility study and a pilot study were positive, and the city designed, constructed, and began operation of a 0.026 ˇ 10 6 –m 3 /d (7‐mgd) MF plant. The plant, which has been on line for more than a year, has solved the SWTR regulatory concern and now provides the city with its drinking water.