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Safeguarding distribution system integrity
Author(s) -
Trussell R. Rhodes
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08567.x
Subject(s) - residual , safeguard , safeguarding , disinfectant , environmental science , distribution (mathematics) , business , computer science , chemistry , mathematics , international trade , medicine , mathematical analysis , nursing , organic chemistry , algorithm
Keeping a residual is important, but it is only one of many actions needed to safeguard the integrity of the distribution system. When water utilities began using chlorine for primary disinfection, a residual in the distribution system came with it. Regulations have made the distribution system residual an increasingly important requirement in many parts of the world. However, many groundwater systems commonly operate without a residual, and several European utilities now operate with no residual in treated surface water. This article examines the reasons often cited for maintaining a disinfectant residual and discusses the merits of alternative residual disinfectants.